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Thermodynamics · Real gases

Measure how real gases cool as they expand.

Quantify real-gas behavior with CO₂ and N₂ in a single lab session.

Joule-Thomson apparatus
Joule-Thomson apparatus · available in the U.S. only through American Scientific
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Joule-Thomson effect
✓ Available in the U.S. 110V/60Hz Adapted University Level
University Experiments / Physics

Joule-Thomson effect

Article No. P2320600

A stream of gas is fed to a throttling point, where the gas ( CO 2 or N 2 ) undergoes adiabatic expansion. The differences in temperature established between the two sides of the throttle point are measured at various pressures and the Joule-Thomson coefficients of the gases in question are calculated.

  • For both demonstration and student experiments
  • With detailed experiment guide
  • Affordable set-up
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Complete experiment set, includes the detailed experiment guide and all required apparatus
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Available through American Scientific

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Try it yourself

Throttle the gas

Set the pressure drop and choose the gas. CO₂ cools far more than N₂ for the same expansion.

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What your students will do
1

Feed gas to the throttle

A steady stream of CO₂ or N₂ flows to the throttling point, where it expands adiabatically.

2

Measure the temperature difference

Sensors on both sides of the throttle record the temperature change at several pressures.

3

Calculate the coefficient

Students plot temperature drop against pressure difference and determine each gas's Joule-Thomson coefficient.

A great fit for
ThermodynamicsPhysical ChemistryAdvanced Undergraduate LabEngineering Physics
CO₂ and N₂Two gases compared side by side
AdiabaticThrottling expansion measured directly
Real-gasTests van der Waals predictions
Pressure difference (kPa)Temperature drop (K)CO₂N₂0255075100

Typical student results: CO₂ cools much more than N₂ for the same pressure drop (illustrative).

Planning next year's lab budget?Federal STEM and CTE grants can cover up to 100% of equipment costs. American Scientific helps you find and apply for the right one, at no charge.
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Common questions
Does it work on U.S. power?

Yes. Units supplied through American Scientific are adapted for 110V/60Hz and supported in the U.S., including warranty and replacement parts.

What else do I need to run the experiment?

Tell us about your lab in the form above and we'll put together a complete, ready-to-teach configuration, so nothing is missing on day one.

Can grant funding cover this?

Often, yes. Many institutions fund PHYWE equipment through NSF, Title IV and CTE programs, and our team can help you find and apply for the right opportunity.

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